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==Tags: #pro-vaccination #autism #thimerosal #research-list==
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# Autism and Vaccines
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On a previous version of this page, the allegations contained in a lawsuit brought by Andrew Wakefield were inadvertently mischaracterized as conclusions of the court. We regret this error.
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### **Beyond the Autism/Vaccine Hypothesis: What Parents Need to Know about Autism Research**
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A decade ago most researchers agreed that we needed to study vaccines in relation to autism. We had to reconcile the fact that the number of vaccines children were receiving was increasing, and at the same time, the number of children who were being diagnosed with autism also was on the rise. Fortunately [this was a question that could be studied – and answered – by science](http://www.health.state.ny.us/prevention/immunization/vaccine_safety/misperceptions.htm). We looked at children who received vaccines and those who didn’t, or who received them on a different, slower schedule. There was no difference in their neurological outcomes. Multiple studies have been completed which investigated the measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in relation to autism. Researchers have also studied thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative, to see if it had any relation to autism. The results of studies are very clear; the data show no relationship between vaccines and autism. Read the studies themselves below and browse our [recommended reading](http://www.autismsciencefoundation.org/autism-science/recommended-reading) list.
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## **Read the Science**
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### **Literature Reviews: Autism and Vaccines**
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**On-time Vaccine Receipt in the First Year Does Not Adversely Affect Neuropsychological Outcomes****** [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/125/6/1134](http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/125/6/1134) _Pediatrics___ _Smith, M and Woods, C___ _June 2010_
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**Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses****** [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/596476](http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/596476) _Clinical Infectious Diseases___ _Offit, Paul and Gerber, Jeffrey S.___ _Feb. 2009_
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**"Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism"****** [http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/4705/20155.aspx](http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/4705/20155.aspx) **Institute of Medicine****** **May 2004**
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### **Too Many Too Soon?**
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**Addressing Parents' Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant's Immune System?****** [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/109/1/124](http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/109/1/124) _Pediatrics___ _Offit, Paul A., Quarles, Jessica, et al.___ _2002_
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**Immunization Safety Review: Multiple Immunizations and Immune Dysfunction****** [http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/4705/4432.aspx](http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/4705/4432.aspx) _Institute of Medicine___ _February 2002_
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**Cellular Immune Responses in Neonates****** [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a790107447~db=all~order=page](http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a790107447~db=all~order=page) _International Reviews of Immunology___ _Fadel S, Sarazotti M.___ _2000_
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**Neonatal and Early Life Vaccinology****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348697](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348697) _Vaccine___ _Siegrist CA.___ _2001_
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**The Problem with Dr. Bob's Alternative Vaccine Schedule****** [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/123/1/e164?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=offit&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=date&resourcetype=HWCIT](http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/123/1/e164?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=offit&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=date&resourcetype=HWCIT) _Pediatrics___ _Offit, Paul A. and Moser, Charlotte A.___ _January 2009_
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### **Thimerosal and Autism Studies**
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**Neuropsychological performance 10 years after immunization in infancy with thimerosal-containing vaccines.****** [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/123/2/475?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=neuropsychological+performance&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT](http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/123/2/475?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=neuropsychological+performance&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT) _Pediatrics___ _Tozzi AE, Bisiacchi P, Tarantino V, De Mei B, D'Elia L, Chariotti F, Salmaso S.___ _January 2009_
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**Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California's Developmental Services System****** [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/65/1/19](http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/65/1/19) _Archives of General Psychiatry___ _Robert Schechter, MD, MSc and Judith K. Grether, PhD___ _January 2008_
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**Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years****** [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/357/13/1281](http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/357/13/1281) _New England Journal of Medicine___ _Thompson WW, Price C, Goodson B, et al.___ _September 2007_
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**Lack of Association Between Rh Status, Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy and Autism****** [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114264055/ABSTRACT](http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114264055/ABSTRACT) _American Journal of Medical Genetics___ _Judith H. Miles and T. Nicole Takahashi___ _May 2007_
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**Comparison of Blood and Brain Mercury Levels in Infant Monkeys Exposed to Methylmercury or Vaccines Containing Thimerosal****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16079072&query_hl=1) _Environmental Health Perspectives___ _Thomas M. Burbacher, PhD___ _April 2005_
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**Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15342824&query_hl=5) _Pediatrics___ _John Heron and Nick Andrews, PhD and Jean Golding, DSc___ _September 2004_
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**Neurotoxic Effects of Postnatal Thimerosal Are Mouse Strain Dependent****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15184908&query_hl=10) _Molecular Psychiatry___ _M Hornig, M___ _June 2004_
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**Safety of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: A Two-Phased Study of Computerized Health Maintenance Organization Database****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14595043&query_hl=59) _Pediatrics___ _Thomas Verstraeten, MD___ _November 2003_
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**Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14519711&query_hl=16) _Journal of the American Medical Association___ _Anders Hviid, MSc___ _October 2003_
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**Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: Negative Ecological Evidence from Danish Population-Based Data****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15496004&query_hl=19) _Pediatrics___ _Kreesten M. Madsen, MD___ _September 2003_
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**"Autism and Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: Lack of Consistent Evidence for an Association"****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12880876&query_hl=21) _American Journal of Preventive Medicine___ _Paul Stehr-Green, DrPh, MPH___ _August 2003_
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**Thimerosal and Autism?****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12612255&query_hl=22) _Pediatrics___ _Karen Nelson, MD___ _March 2003_
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**Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thiomersal: A descriptive study****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12480426&query_hl=30) _The Lancet___ _Michael Pichichero, MD___ _November 2002_
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### **Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Vaccine and Autism Studies**
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**Remembering How to Fight Measles** **** [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/opinion/remembering-how-to-fight-measl...](http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/opinion/remembering-how-to-fight-measles.html?emc=eta1&_r=0) _New York Times___ _Paul A. Offit, MD___ _March 2014_
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**How to Think About the Risk of Autism****** [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/opinion/sunday/how-to-think-about-the-...](http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/opinion/sunday/how-to-think-about-the-risk-of-autism.html) _New York Times___ _Sam Wang, Ph.D.___ _March 2014_
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**Lack of Association Between Measles Virus Vaccine and Autism with Enteropathy: A Case-Control Study****** [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003140](http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003140) _PLoS One___ _Hornig M, Briese T, Buie T, Bauman ML, Lauwers G, et al.___ _September 2008_
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**Measles Vaccination and Antibody Response in Autism Spectrum Disorders****** [http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2007.122937v1?maxtoshow=&HIT...](http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2007.122937v1?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=baird&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT) _Archives of Disease in Childhood___ _Gillian Baird, F.R.C.Paed.___ _February 2008_
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**Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links With Immunizations****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16818529&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum) _Pediatrics___ _Eric Fombonne, MD___ _July 2006_
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**MMR Vaccination and Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Case-Control Study****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15364187&query_hl=38) _The Lancet___ _Liam Smeeth, MRCGP___ _September 11, 2004_
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**Association of Autistic Spectrum Disorder and the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12860782&query_hl=40) _Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine___ _Kumanan Wilson, MD, MSc, FRCP___ _July 2003_
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**Neurologic Disorders After Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12415036&query_hl=64) _Pediatrics___ _Annamari Makela, MD___ _November 2002_
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**No Evidence for a New Variant of Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Induced Autism****** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop...](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11581466&query_hl=66) _Pediatrics___ _Eric Fombonne, FRCPsych___ _October 2001_
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### **Autism and Vaccines in the Media**
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On January 21st, 2011, Dr. Paul Offit was on The Colbert Report speaking about his new book, "Deadly Choices: How The Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All." [Click Here to Watch the Interview](http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/372812/january-31-2011/paul-offit).
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### **What's Next?**
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If we ask the same questions we’ll get the same answers. We’ve asked the autism vaccine question over two dozen times and each time we get the same response; no relationship. We need to move on; We need to invest in studying genetics, the brain structures of children with autism, and environmental factors that may be playing a role.
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### **Downloadable Materials**
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Below are three fact-sheets prepared by physicians at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. They are excellent resources to distribute at events.
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- [Vaccines and Autism: What You Should Know](http://www.autismsciencefoundation.org/sites/default/files/CHOP1.pdf)
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- [The Facts about Childhood Vaccines](http://www.autismsciencefoundation.org/sites/default/files/CHOP2.pdf)
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- [Vaccine Ingredients: What You Should Know](http://www.autismsciencefoundation.org/sites/default/files/CHOP3.pdf)
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Below are two tables prepared by the initiative Every Child By Two. These tables summarize the major procedures and conclusions of the most recent studies regarding autism and Thimerosal, as well as autism and the MMR vaccine.
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- [Thimerosal and Autism Research Summary](http://www.autismsciencefoundation.org/sites/default/files/Thimerosal%20and%20Autism.pdf)
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- [MMR and Autism Research Summary](http://www.autismsciencefoundation.org/sites/default/files/MMR%20and%20Autism.pdf)
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==Tags: #pro-vaccination #autism #thimerosal #flu-vaccine==
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You are Here: Home Page **>** Vaccine Safety and the Importance of Vaccines **>** Common Vaccine Misperceptions and Concerns Explained
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# **Common Vaccine Misperceptions and Concerns Explained**
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There are misperceptions about risks and side effects of vaccination, and because there are so many false reports in the media, this section aims to clear up any confusion.
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Common [vaccine side effects (cdc.gov)](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/6mishome.htm) include mild reactions like fever, or swelling or soreness at the injection site. These reactions indicate that the vaccine is working. Very rarely, you might have a serious side effect, such as an allergic reaction. Only one in 1 million children vaccinated experience this side effect. There is absolutely no sound evidence suggesting that vaccines cause or trigger autism. Decades of research around the world prove vaccinations are safe and effective. Meanwhile, the effects of an infectious disease can be severe and long-lasting, including brain damage or even death. Bottom line: The bigger risk is in delaying a vaccination, because [the longer you wait to vaccinate your child, the longer he or she is risking exposure](http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/vaccine_safety/harm.htm) to a serious and potentially life-altering disease.
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Some parents worry about overloading a child's [immune system](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/spec-grps/hcp/downloads/vacsafe-understand-bw-office.pdf). But parents don't need to be concerned about this. The American Academy of Pediatrics says that [babies' immune systems can handle the number of recommended vaccines (aap.org)](http://www.aap.org/immunization/families/toomany.html) according to the vaccination schedule because they are exposed to multiple germs on a daily basis. A healthy baby's immune system can accommodate multiple vaccinations. In fact, babies' immune systems can respond to approximately 100,000 organisms at once. The antigens in vaccines use only a small fraction of a babies immune system response. Childhood immunizations are recommended to children at a susceptible young age after immunity from their mother wears off. Again, there is more harm in not vaccinating your baby. See:_The Harm of Delaying or Skipping._
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Another misperception is that vaccinations are unsafe because they contain **thimerosal****, an** [organic form of mercury (also called ethylmercury)](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/spec-grps/hcp/downloads/vacsafe-thimerosal-bw-office.pdf) that prevents vaccines from being contaminated. This form of mercury is completely different from methylmercury, which can damage the nervous system. Although thimerosal has been shown to be safe, now all routine childhood vaccines are available in thimerosal-free forms, including the seasonal flu vaccine.
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Also, vaccines do not make a child sick with the disease, and they do not weaken the immune system. Vaccines introduce a killed/disabled **antigen** **into the body so the immune system can produce antibodies against it and create immunity to the disease. That said, it's not uncommon for a child to develop a mild runny nose and/or cough after receiving the flu vaccine. This does not mean, however that your child "got the flu." Also, because it takes about two weeks for the flu vaccine to become effective, and because flu symptoms do not immediately appear, a person could unknowingly already be infected with the flu when receiving a vaccination. Someone in this situation might assume that the flu vaccine gave them the flu, but this is not possible or true.**
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Finally, the most common and most concerning misperception is that vaccines cause autism. But there is absolutely no sound proof of this. To read more, visit [The Truth About Autism.](http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/vaccine_safety/truth_about_autism.htm)
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Vaccines are developed with the highest safety standards in mind. [The Food and Drug Administration](http://www.fda.gov/), along with the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/), developed the [Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (vaers.hhs.gov)](http://www.vaers.hhs.gov/index) to maintain these high standards.
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## **Other helpful resources:**
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- ["Clear Answers & Smart Advice About Your Baby's Shots" (immunize.org)](http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2068.pdf), Ari Brown, MD, FAAP, acquired from Immunization Action Coalition
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- ["Six Common Misperceptions About Vaccination" (cdc.gov)](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/6mishome.htm), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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- ["Get the Picture: Childhood Immunizations" (cdc.gov)](http://www.cdc.gov/CDCTV/GetThePicture/index.html), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention video, running time 6:27
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- ["Vaccine Safety Concerns" (cdc.gov)](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
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- ["Immunization Issues: Vaccine Misinformation" (immunizationinfo.org)](http://www.immunizationinfo.org/issues/general/vaccine-misinformation), National Network for Immunization Information
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==Tags: #autism #study #mmr-vaccine==
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Study compared observed rise in reported autism incidences in California verses increase in MMR coverage from 1980-1994. However, the numbers representing the increase in autism cases may not truly represent a rise in cases as the system reporting these numbers was expanding, definitions of autism were changing, etc. See conclusion of the report.
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**< Previous Article** **Next Article >**
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.
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Brief Report | March 7, 2001
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# **Time Trends in Autism and in MMR Immunization Coverage in California** **FREE**
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Loring Dales, MD; Sandra Jo Hammer, RN, PHN; Natalie J. Smith, MD, MPH
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[[](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#)+] Author Affiliations
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_JAMA._ 2001;285(9):1183-1185. doi:10.1001/jama.285.9.1183.
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Text Size: **A** [A](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#) [A](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#)
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.
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[Article](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#tab1)
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[Figures](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#tab3)
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[References](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#tab6)
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.
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## **Figures****.**
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_Figure. Percentage of Children Receiving Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Immunization in Second Year of Life and Caseload of Children With Autism, by Year of Birth, California, 1980-1994_
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The upper 2 curves indicate the percentages of children receiving MMR immunization by 17 and 24 months of age, respectively. The lower curve indicates the number of cases of children with autism[2](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#REF-JBR00284-2) (and California Department of Development Services, unpublished data, 2000). The vertical dotted line at birth year 1988 is provided as a temporal reference point in comparing the shapes of these curves.
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View Large | Save Figure | [Download Slide (.ppt)](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/Journals/JAMA/4774/jbr00284f1.gif&sec=24946033&ar=193604&imagename=) | [View in Article Context](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193604#Jbr00284f1)
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==Tags: #pro-vaccination #autism #book-list==
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# Recommended Reading
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**Each Day I Like It Better: Autism, ECT, and the Treatment of Our Most Impaired Children**
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Author: Amy S. F. Lutz
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In _Each Day I Like It Bette_r, author Amy Lutz dispels her experience with Jonah, her 10 year old son who has Autism Spectrum Disorder. For many years, Jonah's autism manifested as severe violence, to the point where behavior modification trials, medications, and almost a year of hospitalization could not control his rage. Searching earnestly for a cure to control these violent outburts, Amy and her husband turned to the controversial electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Since then, Jonah's rage has significantly diminished, and now, at age 14, he will move to a less restricted school. _Each Day I Like It Better_ documents the journeys of seven children and their families as they search for successful treatments for autism. Ultimately, they find that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can lead to positive outcomes in individuals with autism.
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**Autism Spectrum Disorders: What Every Parent Needs to Know**
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Author: American Academy of Pediatrics, Alan I. Rosenblatt (Editor), Paul S. Carbone (Editor)
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From autism and Asperger's syndrome through pervasive developmental disorders, this authoritative reference from the leading publisher in pediatric health care examines how autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are defined and diagnosed and reviews the most current behavioral and developmental therapy treatments available. Through this evidence-based guide, which reflects the new diagnostic thinking from the American Psychiatric Association, parents and caregivers will learn about the symptoms and the incidence of ASDs, screening tools, the roles of complementary and alternative medicine, and what to expect as these children grow into adolescence and beyond.
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**Thinking Person's Guide to Autism**
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Author: Shannon Des Roches Rosa, Jennifer Byde Myers, Liz Ditz, Emily Willingham, & Carol Greenburg
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_The Thinking Person's Guide to Autism_ is a one-stop resource for parents when autism first becomes a part of their lives. The book is a compilation of essays from the popular blog "Thinking Person's Guide to Autism," and it provides evidence-based information from autism parents, autistics, and autism professionals. Steve Silberman, senior writer for Wired magazine and autism/neurodiversity blogger for the Public Library of Science declared, "Refreshingly free of dogma, disinformation, and heavy-handed agendas, The Thinking Person's Guide to Autism is an oasis of sanity, compassion, and hope for people on the spectrum and those who love them." **Proceeds from the sale of** **Thinking Person's Guide to Autism** **support the Autism Science Foundation.**
|
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|
||||
**Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All**
|
||||
Author: Paul Offit M.D.
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
How did we get to a place where vaccines are viewed with horror rather than as life-saving medicine? The answer is rooted in one of the most powerful and disturbing citizen activist movements in our nation’s history—a movement that, despite recent epidemics and deaths, continues to grow. Deadly Choices is the story of anti-vaccine activity in America—its origins, leaders, influences, and impact—and is a powerful defense of science in the face of fear. **Proceeds from the sale "Deadly Choices" will support the Autism Science Foundation.**
|
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|
||||
|
||||
**The Panic Virus: A True Story of Medicine, Science, and Fear**
|
||||
Author: Seth Mnookin
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Despite the lack of corroborating evidence, the myth that vaccines somehow cause developmental disorders lives. It has been popularized by media personalities such as Oprah Winfrey and Jenny McCarthy and legitimized by journalists who claim that they are just being fair to “both sides” of an issue about which there is little debate. Meanwhile millions of dollars have been diverted from potential breakthroughs in autism research, families have spent their savings on ineffective “miracle cures,” and declining vaccination rates have led to outbreaks of deadly illnesses like Hib, measles, and whooping cough. Most tragic of all is the increasing number of children dying from vaccine-preventable diseases.
|
||||
In _The Panic Virus_ Seth Mnookin draws on interviews with parents, public-health advocates, scientists, and anti-vaccine activists to tackle a fundamental question: How do we decide what the truth is? The fascinating answer helps explain everything from the persistence of conspiracy theories about 9/11 to the appeal of talk-show hosts who demand that President Obama “prove” he was born in America.
|
||||
**Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure**
|
||||
Author: Paul Offit, MD
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Paul Offit, a national expert on vaccines, challenges the modern day false prophets who have so egregiously misled the public with untested and potentially harmful "treatments" for autism. Instead of helping, these therapies can hurt those who are most vulnerable. Offit also exposes the opportunism of the lawyers, journalists, celebrities and politicians who perpetuate this exploitation. This book is a must read for anyone who cares about a child with autism.
|
||||
**Proceeds from the sale "Autism's False Prophets" support the Autism Science Foundation.**
|
||||
|
||||
**A Practical Guide to Autism**
|
||||
Author: Dr. Fred Volkmar and Dr. Lisa Wiener
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Published in August 2009, this new book is a tremendous asset for families and practitioners who want to keep up with the latest developments in autism research, treatment and education. The book is full of great practical ideas about how research can be translated into clinical practice. The issues are presented in all of their complexity but translated into language that is clear, direct, and easy to follow. The format also lends itself to understanding the complex issues and their implications through excellent charts, question and answer sections, and chapters that vary from describing diagnostic issues to stating very specifically how to expand and evaluate the services a family is receiving. There are also very comprehensive reference and resource lists.
|
||||
|
||||
**Boy Alone**
|
||||
Author: Karl Taro Greenfeld
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
An unsparing memoir of the author's life growing up with his severely autistic brother. Greenfeld writes beautifully about living in his brother's shadow, revealing the complex mix of rage, confusion and love that defined his childhood. Haunting, tragic and unforgettable, this chronicle of autism from the sixties to the present day is wholly original and completely memorable.
|
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|
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|
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|
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==Tags: #pro-vaccination #diseases #how-it-works==
|
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|
||||
You are Here: Home Page **>** Immunization **>** The Diseases Vaccines Prevent and How
|
||||
|
||||
# **The Diseases Vaccines Prevent and How**
|
||||
|
||||
## **What Diseases Do Vaccines Prevent?**
|
||||
|
||||
Vaccines are the safest way to protect you, your children and your community from a long list of serious and potentially life-threatening illnesses. You can read about many of the diseases vaccines are used to prevent below:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Chickenpox](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/chickenpox/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Diphtheria](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/diphtheria/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Haemophilus Influenza Type B](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/haemophilus_influenzae/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Hepatitis A](http://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1859/index.htm)
|
||||
- [Hepatitis B](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/hepatitis/hepatitis_b/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Human Papillomavirus (HPV, genital or venereal warts)](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/human_papillomavirus/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Influenza](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/influenza/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Measles](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/measles/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Meningococcal Disease](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/meningococcal/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Mumps](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/mumps/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Pertussis (Whooping cough)](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pertussis/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Pneumococcal Disease](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pneumococcal/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Poliomyelitis](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/poliomyelitis/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Rubella](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Shingles](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/shingles/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
- [Tetanus](http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/tetanus/fact_sheet.htm)
|
||||
|
||||
For a full list of all the diseases vaccines prevent, visit the [CDC website](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htm).
|
||||
|
||||
## **How Do Vaccines Prevent Disease?**
|
||||
|
||||
Vaccines protect you by preparing your immune system to recognize and fight serious, and sometimes deadly, diseases.
|
||||
A vaccine contains a specific part of a germ (bacteria or virus), called an **antigen****. The antigen is killed or disabled before it's used to make the vaccine, so it can't make you sick. Vaccines, and the antigens they contain, stimulate your immune system's B cells to develop protective substances called antibodies. These antibodies are responsible for killing germs that enter your body. Once activated, B cells can stay in your body for a lifetime and allow your body to remember the germ that stimulated their creation. Throughout your life, these cells will recognize and fight the actual disease caused by the germ when and if you come into contact with it.**
|
||||
If you're interested in reading about this topic further, visit [the CDC website](http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htm).
|
||||
Vaccines help prevent infectious diseases and save many lives. Because of vaccines, diseases including polio and measles, that once took devastating tolls on families and whole communities, are now almost extinct.
|
||||
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|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
==Tags: #pro-vaccination #autism #flu-vaccine #social-implications==
|
||||
|
||||
# **The Harm of Skipping Vaccinations or Delaying**
|
||||
|
||||
There are many reasons parents give for delaying a vaccination, from "My baby cries when she gets the shot," to "My child is too young to get so many vaccines." More important than all of these excuses is one simple fact: A child's immune system is more vulnerable without vaccinations. And if it weren't for vaccinations, many children would become crippled or die from the severity of diseases such as measles, pertussis and **Hib****. See** ["The Diseases Vaccines Prevent and How"](http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/vaccine_preventable_diseases.htm) for more information.
|
||||
We live in an increasingly global world, with increased risks around every corner. Travelers entering into New York create an even greater risk of exposure. On a regular basis there is a new report regarding a disease outbreak somewhere in the world - including in the United States and New York State. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [reports outbreaks around the world and provides health information for travel to more than 200 international destinations. (cdc.gov)](http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/) From mumps, to pertussis to the measles, diseases once thought to be eradicated are coming back because people are not being vaccinated as they once were. If you think tears from a needle are hard to watch, imagine the suffering your child will experience if he or she contracts a serious disease that could have been prevented.
|
||||
While misinformation in the media has led many parents to delay vaccinations as a result of either Dr. Andrew Wakefield's false claims about autism or [Dr. Bob's Alternative Schedule (aap.org)](http://practice.aap.org/content.aspx?aid=2680), many diseases have begun to reemerge among children around the world. Don't let your child become a statistic -- make sure they get all the recommended vaccinations. And if you're worried about autism, visit ["The Truth About Autism."](http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/vaccine_safety/truth_about_autism.htm)
|
||||
|
||||
## **Medical Implications of Not Getting Vaccinated**
|
||||
|
||||
The threat of death by disease isn't the only medical consequence of skipping vaccinations. An unvaccinated child faces lifelong differences that could potentially put him or her at risk. Every time you call 911, ride in an ambulance, go to the doctor or visit the hospital emergency room, you must alert medical personnel of your child's vaccination status so he or she receives distinctive treatment. Because unvaccinated children can require treatment that is out of the ordinary, medical staff may be less familiar, and less experienced, with the procedures required to appropriately treat your child.
|
||||
Women who are pregnant but not vaccinated can be vulnerable to diseases that may complicate their pregnancy. A pregnant woman who contracts rubella in the first trimester may have a baby with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which can cause heart defects, developmental delays and deafness.
|
||||
People who choose not to vaccinate their children also put others at risk if their child isn't vaccinated and becomes ill. Special groups of people cannot be vaccinated, including those with compromised immune systems (e.g. those with leukemia or other cancers). These people rely on the general public being vaccinated so their risk of exposure is reduced.
|
||||
|
||||
## **Social Implications of Not Getting Vaccinated**
|
||||
|
||||
There are also social implications of not vaccinating your child -- from exclusion to quarantine. If sick or exposed to disease, your child may need to be isolated from others, including family. If there is an outbreak in your community, you may be asked to take your child out of school and other organized activities, causing your child to miss school and special events. Your child's illness or inability to go about their daily activities also may impact your work and household income. For more information on vaccination requirements for schools in the state of New York, see [New York State Immunization Requirements for School Entrance/Attendance](http://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2370.pdf) (PDF, 71KB, 2pg.).
|
||||
|
||||
## **Importance of Receiving An Annual Flu Vaccine**
|
||||
|
||||
Everyone 6 months and older should get a seasonal flu vaccine every year. It's important to reiterate that every year the flu remains a threat, and every year children still die as a result of having the flu. One of those children was [Joseph Marotta](http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/vaccine_safety/). At 5 years old, Joseph contracted the flu. Less than 10 days after contracting the flu, Joseph died. His parents, along with other members of [Families Fighting Flu (familiesfightingflu.org)](http://www.familiesfightingflu.org/member-families/the-marotta-family/), are strong advocates for annual flu vaccines and encourage all families to get vaccinated. It's important that everyone 6 months and older receives an annual flu vaccine. Every year a flu vaccine is skipped, your child is at risk.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
- Differences in symptoms between regular mercury poisoning and autism or other supposed vaccine-related side effects
|
||||
- Capacity of baby’s immune system
|
||||
- Are the following sources reliable?
|
||||
-
|
||||
- JAMA
|
||||
- Immunize.org / Immunization Action Coalition
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
==Tags: #pro-vaccination #autism #thimerosal #research-summary #research-list #andrew-wakefield==
|
||||
|
||||
![[p4028.pdf]]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
==Tags: #pro-vaccination #autism #thimerosal #mmr==
|
||||
|
||||
![[p2068.pdf]]
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user